When using reverse polarity in SMAW, which pole is designated as the Ground?

In Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), when employing reverse polarity, the negative pole is designated as the ground. This setup is critical because reverse polarity provides several advantages in the welding process.

Using reverse polarity means that the electrode is connected to the positive terminal while the workpiece is connected to the negative terminal. This arrangement leads to an increase in the heat generated at the electrode compared to the workpiece. As a result, the welding arc becomes hotter, which can improve penetration and fusion of the weld metal into the base material.

Additionally, reverse polarity facilitates better arc stability and can enhance the efficiency of the welding process when using certain types of electrodes. The increased heat generated at the electrode assists in melting the core of the electrode more effectively, making it particularly beneficial in applications requiring deeper penetration or faster welding speeds.

Understanding the specific roles of polarity in SMAW is crucial for achieving optimal welding results, and recognizing that the negative pole serves as the ground in reverse polarity is a fundamental aspect of effective welding practices.