What is the primary characteristic of the SMAW process?

The primary characteristic of the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process is that it involves melting the materials together. This process is based on generating an electric arc between a covered electrode and the workpieces being joined. As the arc forms, it produces intense heat, which melts both the electrode's tip and the base metal, creating a molten pool that fuses the materials together upon solidification. This essential characteristic highlights the fusion aspect of welding, where distinct pieces of metal are transformed into a unified structure through the application of heat.

In SMAW, the heat generated is sufficient to not only melt the filler material from the electrode but also to melt the edges of the base metals involved in the weld. When this molten material cools, it solidifies to create a strong mechanical bond. This is a fundamental principle of welding processes, ensuring the integrity of the joint.

Other options, like using gas to create heat or requiring high pressure, are characteristics associated with different welding techniques. SMAW uniquely relies on an electric arc and the melting of metals to achieve welding. Furthermore, while fillers are used in various forms, SMAW primarily relies on the melting of the electrode and workpieces rather than strictly utilizing metal fillers alone.