What is the polarity of the electrode holder when using straight polarity?

In Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), when using straight polarity, also known as DCEN (Direct Current Electrode Negative), the polarity of the electrode holder is set to negative. This means that the electrode is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply, while the workpiece is connected to the positive terminal.

This configuration is significant because it influences both the heat distribution during welding and the arc stability. With the electrode being negative, a larger portion of the heat is generated at the workpiece rather than the electrode. This allows for deeper penetration into the base metal, making it suitable for certain welding scenarios where stronger welds are needed. Additionally, this type of polarity can help in reducing the oxidation of the weld pool, contributing to a cleaner weld.

Understanding the implications of straight polarity is crucial for welders as it affects the weld quality, penetration, and overall weld characteristics.