What factor primarily affects the speed of travel in shielded metal arc welding?

The speed of travel in shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is primarily influenced by the type and size of the electrode used for the weld. Different electrodes have varying characteristics, including their diameter and the type of coating which can affect the amount of metal being deposited per unit of time. A larger electrode size typically allows for a higher deposition rate, enabling faster travel speeds. Conversely, a smaller electrode may require a slower travel speed to ensure adequate penetration and fill.

While other factors like ambient temperature, the thickness of the base metal, and the angle of the welding torch can influence the overall welding process, they do not have as direct an impact on travel speed as the selection of the electrode does. For example, while thicker base metals may require slower travel speeds to ensure proper heat input and penetration, the primary determinant for how quickly a welder can move is fundamentally linked to the electrode choice.